Mohato oa pele ts'ebetsong leha e le efe ea tlhahiso ea optical ke khetho ea lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa optical. Mekhahlelo ea Optical (index ea refractive, nomoro ea Abbe, transmittance, reflectivity), thepa ea 'mele (thata, deformation, bubble content, Poisson's ratio), esita le litšobotsi tsa mocheso (coefficient ea ho atolosa mocheso, kamano pakeng tsa index ea refractive le mocheso) oa lisebelisoa tsa optical Tsohle li tla ama. thepa ea optical ea lisebelisoa tsa optical. Ts'ebetso ea likarolo tsa optical le litsamaiso. Sehlooho sena se tla kenyelletsa ka bokhutšoanyane lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa optical le thepa ea tsona.
Lisebelisoa tsa optical li arotsoe haholo ka mekhahlelo e meraro: khalase ea optical, kristale ea optical le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa optical.
01 Khalase ea Optical
Khalase ea optical ke sesebelisoa sa amorphous (galase) sa optical medium se ka fetisang leseli. Khanya e fetang ho eona e ka fetola tsela ea eona ea phatlalatso, mohato le matla. Hangata e sebelisoa ho hlahisa likarolo tsa optical tse kang li-prism, lenses, liipone, lifensetere le li-filters ka lisebelisoa tsa optical kapa litsamaiso. Khalase ea optical e na le pepenene e phahameng, botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale le ho tšoana ha 'mele ka sebopeho le ts'ebetso. E na le li-constants tsa optical tse tobileng le tse nepahetseng. Boemong bo tiileng ba mocheso o tlase, khalase ea optical e boloka sebopeho sa amorphous sa boemo ba mokelikeli o phahameng oa mocheso. Ha e le hantle, likarolo tsa ka hare tsa 'mele le lik'hemik'hale tsa khalase, tse kang index ea refractive, coefficient ea ho atolosa mocheso, boima, conductivity ea mocheso, conductivity ea motlakase, elastic modulus, joalo-joalo, e tšoana ka mahlakoreng 'ohle, e bitsoang isotropy.
Baetsi ba ka sehloohong ba likhalase tsa optical ba kenyelletsa Schott ea Jeremane, Corning ea United States, Ohara ea Japane, le Glass ea malapeng ea Chengdu Guangming (CDGM), joalo-joalo.
Refractive index le dispersion diagram
likhalase tsa optical refractive index curves
Li-curve tsa phetiso
02. Khalase ea mahlo
kristale ea optical e bua ka lisebelisoa tsa kristale tse sebelisoang mecheng ea litaba ea optical. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa likristale tsa optical, e ka sebelisoa haholo ho etsa lifensetere tse fapaneng, lilense le liprism bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ultraviolet le infrared. Ho ea ka sebopeho sa kristale, e ka aroloa ka kristale e le 'ngoe le polycrystalline. Lisebelisoa tsa kristale e le 'ngoe li na le botšepehi bo phahameng ba kristale le phetisetso e khanyang, hammoho le tahlehelo e fokolang ea ho kenya, kahoo likristale tse le' ngoe li sebelisoa haholo-holo ka likristale tsa optical.
Ka ho khetheha: Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa UV le kristale ea infrared li kenyelletsa: quartz (SiO2), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), letsoai la rock (NaCl), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), joalo-joalo.
Polarizing crystals: Likristale tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo li kenyelletsa calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), sodium nitrate (nitrate), joalo-joalo.
Achromatic crystal: Litšobotsi tse khethehileng tsa ho hasana tsa kristale li sebelisoa ho etsa lilense tsa sepheo sa achromatic. Ka mohlala, calcium fluoride (CaF2) e kopantsoe le khalase ho theha tsamaiso ea achromatic, e ka felisang ho senyeha ha spherical le secondary spectrum.
Laser crystal: e sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa bakeng sa li-laseser tse tiileng, tse kang ruby, calcium fluoride, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal, joalo-joalo.
Lisebelisoa tsa kristale li arotsoe ka tlhaho le tse hōlileng ka maiketsetso. Likristale tsa tlhaho ha li fumanehe haholo, ho thata ho hola ka mokhoa oa maiketsetso, li lekanyelitsoe ka boholo, 'me li bitsa chelete e ngata. Ka kakaretso ho nahanoa ha thepa ea khalase e sa lekana, e ka sebetsa ka har'a lebone le sa bonahaleng mme e sebelisoa indastering ea semiconductor le laser.
03 Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa optical
a. Khalase-ceramic
Glass-ceramic ke thepa e khethehileng ea optical e seng khalase kapa kristale, empa kae-kae pakeng tsa eona. Phapang e kholo pakeng tsa khalase-ceramic le khalase e tloaelehileng ea optical ke ho ba teng ha sebopeho sa kristale. E na le sebopeho se setle sa kristale ho feta ceramic. E na le litšoaneleho tsa coefficient e tlase ea katoloso ea mocheso, matla a phahameng, boima bo phahameng, boima bo tlase, le botsitso bo phahameng haholo. E sebelisoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea likristale tse bataletseng, lithupa tse tloaelehileng tsa mithara, liipone tse kholo, li-laser gyroscopes, joalo-joalo.
Mocheso oa katoloso ea thepa ea microcrystalline optical e ka fihla ho 0.0±0.2×10-7/℃ (0~50℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
Silicon carbide ke thepa e khethehileng ea ceramic e sebelisoang hape e le thepa ea optical. Silicon carbide e na le ho satalla hantle, coefficient e tlase ea mocheso oa mocheso, botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, le phello e kholo ea ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele. E nkuoa e le thepa ea mantlha bakeng sa liipone tse bobebe tse boholo bo boholo 'me e sebelisoa haholo sebakeng sa sefofane, li-lasers tse matla a phahameng, li-semiconductors le masimo a mang.
Lihlopha tsena tsa lisebelisoa tsa optical li ka boela tsa bitsoa lisebelisoa tsa optical media. Ho phaella ho lihlopha tse kholo tsa lisebelisoa tsa optical media, lisebelisoa tsa optical fiber, lisebelisoa tsa filimi ea optical, lisebelisoa tsa kristale tsa metsi, lisebelisoa tsa luminescent, joalo-joalo kaofela ke tsa lisebelisoa tsa optical. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea optical ha e arohane le theknoloji ea optical material. Re lebeletse ka thabo tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea optical material ea naha ea heso.
Nako ea poso: Jan-05-2024
